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Development of Duke Nukem Forever
The video game ''Duke Nukem Forever'' spent fifteen years in development, from 1996 to 2011. It is a first-person shooter for PC, PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360, developed by 3D Realms, Triptych Games, Gearbox Software and Piranha Games. It is a sequel to the 1996 game ''Duke Nukem 3D'', as part of the long-running ''Duke Nukem'' video game series. Intended to be groundbreaking, ''Duke Nukem Forever'' has become infamous in the video games industry and was considered vaporware due to its severely protracted development schedule; the game had been in development under 3D Realms since 1996. Director George Broussard, one of the creators of the original ''Duke Nukem'' game, first announced the title's development in April 1997, and promotional information for the game was released in one form or another from 1997 until its release in 2011.
After repeatedly announcing and deferring release dates, 3D Realms announced in 2001 that it would be released simply "when it's done". In May 2009, 3D Realms was downsized for financial reasons, resulting in the loss of the game's development team. Statements by the company indicated that the project was due to "go gold" soon with pictures of final development. Take-Two Interactive, which owns the publishing rights to the game, filed a lawsuit in 2009 against 3D Realms over their "failure to finish development". 3D Realms retorted that Take-Two's legal interest in the game is limited to their publishing right. The case was settled with prejudice and details undisclosed in May 2010. On September 3, 2010, 14 years after the start of the development, ''Duke Nukem Forever'' was officially reported by 2K Games to be in development at Gearbox Software, with an expected release date of 2011. The official release date was then revealed to be May 3, 2011, in North America, with a worldwide release following on May 6, 2011. This was however delayed by a month to June 10 internationally with a North American release on June 14. ''Duke Nukem Forever'' was finally released after 15 years of development on June 10, 2011, to mostly negative reviews.
==Background==
Scott Miller was a lifelong gamer who released his text-based video games as shareware in the 1980s. By 1988, the shareware business was a $10 to $20 million a year market, but the distribution method had never been tried for video games. Miller found that gamers were not willing to pay for something they could get for free, so he came up with the idea of offering only the opening levels of his games; players could purchase the game to receive the rest of the game.〔Kushner (2004), 60–61.〕 George Broussard, whom Miller met while he was in high school, joined Miller at his company, Apogee, which published and marketed games developed by other companies. While Miller was quiet, with a head for business, Broussard was an enthusiastic "creative impresario". Apogee (from which a new brand name was made in 1994, 3D Realms) grew from a small startup to a successful corporation.〔Thompson (2009), 1.〕 Among the titles they published was id Software's ''Commander Keen'' in 1990 and ''Wolfenstein 3D'' in 1992. Commander Keen met great success, leading to the development of many sidescrollers for the DOS platform, including many developed by Apogee and using the same engine that powered the ''Keen'' games, and Wolfenstein was highly successful, popularizing 3D gaming and establishing the first-person shooter (FPS) genre.
By 1994, Broussard began working on 3D Realms' own first-person shooter. Rather than the faceless marine of other games, players assumed the role of Duke Nukem, the title character of a pair of 2D platforms from Apogee, ''Duke Nukem'' and ''Duke Nukem II''. Broussard described Duke as "a combo of John Wayne, Clint Eastwood, and Arnold Schwarzenegger." After a year and a half of work, ''Duke Nukem 3D'' was released in January 1996.〔 Among game aspects that appealed to players were environmental interaction and adult-oriented content—including blood and strippers. Buoyed by the success, Broussard announced a follow-up, ''Duke Nukem Forever''.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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